The uniqueness of the different combinations of many impacting variables, such as perinatal events, lifestyle, diet, physiology, and clinical history, result in the outstanding individuality of the gut microbiota, not only in terms of phylogenetic composition, but also regarding the microbiota assembly and its fluctuations throughout the whole human life. The gut microbiota can indeed influence the education and homeostasis of the immune system and metabolism, as well as brain functionality, with unintelligible long-term effects on human health and lifespan 3, 4. Studies on humans have demonstrated that the gut microbiota strongly impacts on the prevention of disorders and pathologies, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, as well as several types of cancer 1, 2. An extremely rich and diverse microbial ecosystem inhabits the gastrointestinal tract collectively named as gut microbiota. microbiota, is well known to be crucial for the health maintenance of the host. The composition and functionality of complex and rich community of microbes living on the surfaces and cavities of the mammalвЂ™s body, i.e. These data confirm the importance of the gut microbial ecosystem as an adaptive partner for the mammalian biology and health, independently of the host phylogeny.

In addition, we found an enrichment of short-chain fatty acids and carbohydrate degradation products in naked mole-rat compared to human samples. Interestingly, some compositional gut microbiota peculiarities were also shared with human gut microbial ecosystems of centenarians and Hadza hunter-gatherers, considered as models of a healthy gut microbiome and of a homeostatic and highly adaptive gut microbiota-host relationship, respectively. Here we characterize for the first time the intestinal microbial ecosystem of the naked mole-rat in comparison to humans and other mammals, highlighting peculiarities related to the specific living environment, such as the enrichment in bacteria able to utilize soil sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor to sustain an anaerobic oxidative metabolism. These features make this wild rodent an excellent model to study the biology of healthy aging and longevity. A tank top simply doesnвЂ™t pay the rent.The naked mole-rat ( Heterocephalus glaber) is a subterranean mouse-sized African mammal that shows astonishingly few age-related degenerative changes and seems to not be affected by cancer. вЂњMany younger, less established models are working in debt to their agencies, and they struggle to cover their day-to-day expenses. вЂњWe believe that models, like all workers, deserve to be paid for their work,вЂќ Ms. Sara Ziff, an American model and filmmaker, recently initiated the Model Alliance to protect and enforce models by devising a ModelsвЂ™ Bill of Rights. Some are unpaid or paid only with clothes, and some find themselves in debt - which makes them vulnerable to predation. However, even here in the United States, itвЂ™s astonishing how vulnerable young models are to exploitation.

Indeed, some young Russian models find international success - as evidenced on the catwalks of New York Fashion Week. MashaвЂ™s fate is currently unknown our recent efforts to contact her have not been successful, but her Facebook page suggests she is still an aspiring model. Arbaugh initially approached us and suggested we make a film, which became a feature-length documentary, вЂњGirl Model.вЂќ She wrote to us: вЂњI have been traveling and documenting in Russia and Ukraine the journey of these young girls that become prostitutes and fashion models, or the foggy lines that exist between both.вЂќ Our feature documentary, from which this Op-Doc is adapted, traverses these foggy lines. When we filmed Masha in 2009, the scouts said that these girls - often poor in a society of extreme income inequality - are desirable not just for their looks but because they are malleable and easier to guide and direct. The Op-Doc also introduces Ashley Arbaugh, a former American model turned international model scout, who seeks out teenagers with her Russian comrades. Rural Siberia is a thriving location for scouts hoping to recruit teenage girls as young as 12 and export them overseas. Sometimes hundreds of girls audition at these model castings other times a few dozen show up. In this Op-Doc video we present Masha, a 13-year-old aspiring model who attends an open casting call in Siberia, Russia.

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